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United States Manufacturers’ New Orders Joe Long, Data Analyst April, 2026 Leading indicator of economic health, reflecting business and consumer confidence in making long-term investments. Provides a comprehensive view of total demand across the entire manufacturing sector, including durable and non-durable goods. A closely watched proxy for business investment plans, as it strips out volatile defense and transportation orders. Manufacturers’ New Orders: Total Manufacturing (AMTMNO)

Producer Prices Indexes Joe Long, Data Analyst April, 2026 Producer Price Index: All Commodities (PPIACO) 1. PPIACO Measures Inflation at the Production Level, Not the Consumer Level PPIACO tracks the average change over time in the selling prices that domestic producers receive for all commodities—including raw materials, intermediate goods, and finished goods. It shows inflation pressures earlier in the supply chain, before products reach consumers. If PPIACO rises, producers face higher costs. These cost increases often pass through to consumers, eventually influencing CPI (Consumer Price Index). PPI is therefore viewed as a leading indicator of future consumer inflation. 2. PPIACO Reflects Global Supply Chain Conditions Because many industries rely on imported parts or export goods, the All-Commodities PPI is very sensitive to: supply chain disruptions transportation costs global commodity prices (oil, metals, food) geopolitical conflicts currency fluctuations Sharp rises in PPIACO often occur during periods of supply shortages or global economic stress, such as during oil shocks or pandemic‐related disruptions. 3. PPIACO Influences Business Profit Margins and Corporate Decisions When the index increases rapidly: businesses’ input costs rise profit margins shrink unless they raise selling prices companies may delay investments or hiring firms may negotiate differently with suppliers or switch sourcing strategies Conversely, a declining PPIACO signals: lower cost pressures improved margins potential for more stable or lower final pricing reduced inflation expectations for businesses 4. Long-Term Trends in PPIACO Reveal Structural Changes in the Economy The PPI All-Commodities index also captures deep, long-term forces, including: technological improvements (reducing production costs) globalization and cheaper imports (historically keeping prices low) reshoring or deglobalization (raising production costs) energy transitions affecting fuel and material prices shifts in consumer demand affecting production patterns Economists use long-term PPIACO trends to understand how industrial costs evolve, whether inflation is temporary or structural, and how different sectors are contributing to overall economic change.