Árbol de decisiones sobre la probabilidad de supervivencia en el Titanic

Árbol de decisión de los pasajeros que sobrevivieron del Titanic.

Summary Juvenile fish are important prey for marine birds and mammals. The objective of this study is to characterize the juvenile fish near the Isles of Shoals. Neuston nets and beach seines were deployed from 2021-2025. The neuston net was deployed 118 times and the beach seine was deployed 7 times. Neuston net fish catches were ichthyoplankton ranging from about 5-35 mm total length (TL) and beach seine fish catches were juvenile fish ranging from about 15-210 mm TL. Neuston net catches were high in 2022 (up to about 20 ichthyoplankton per deployment) and low thereafter (typically 0-2 per deployment). Beach seine catches typically were a few hundred fish and were more consistent from year to year. In the neuston net catch, common fish species were red hake (Urophycis chuss), white hake (Urophycis tenuis) and fourbeard rockling (Enchelyopus cimbrius). In the beach seine catch, common fish species were American sand lance (Ammodytes americanus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod). The largest beach seine catch of herring was in 2025 (159).

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The mapping of ecosystem dynamics of wetland landscapes within conservation areas tends to rely solely on remote sensing studies. This approach may inadvertently neglect the perspectives and adaptations of local inhabitants on the ground, including individuals such as local leaders, gatekeepers, migrant groups, and remote communities.] [In our investigation of the endorheic Lake Chilwa basin, an ecologically productive watershed characterized by rapid fluctuations and high population density, we utilized a socio-ecological system (SES) framework. This framework, conducted over two stages of analysis, facilitated the integration of time-series multispectral data with ethnographic and historical insights, which thereby enabled the generation of a refined mapping of the lake's ecosystem services at both regional and local scales. In stage one, a remote sensing analysis was designed to evaluate various water-extraction indices derived from Landsat collections in distinguishing among three cover classes: open water, flooded vegetation, and non-flooded grassland. Model diagnostics with subclass precision metrics were employed to assess the performances of multiple datasets, including the Multispectral Scanner (MSS1-4), Thematic Mapper (TM5), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+7), and the Operational Land Imager dataset (OLI8).] [In stage two, multiple data collection approaches were utilized to comprehensively capture the social aspects of the landscape's ecosystem dynamics. These approaches included key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and rapid participatory appraisals.] [Additionally, Sentinel-1 InSAR processing was integrated with the Landsat time series data (1994-2015) using spectral mixture analysis and soft classification techniques, with particular focus on migrant fishing communities and seasonal resource use patterns. Results reveal significant spatiotemporal variations in water levels and surface area, with major recession events documented in historical records (1879, 1900, 1914-15, 1922, 1931-32, 1934, 1954, 1960-61, 1967, 1973, 1995, 2012).] [By adopting a locally grounded approach to ecosystem mapping that integrates both biophysical and social dimensions, our research sheds light on several key questions related to the spatiotemporal details of fishing regulations and the lake's seasonal and peak patterns. Additionally, our findings offer methodological insights into the enforcement and monitoring operations of specific provisions across distinct territories outlined in the lake management plan. The SES methodology, in this case, targeted to the Lake Chilwa context, serves more generally as a guidepost for future conservation initiatives, delivering a nuanced understanding aligned with the diverse perceptions, practices, and expectations of local communities. By advocating for conservation actions tailored to the local scale, our research advocates for an approach that is more detailed and responsive in safeguarding these diverse and fluctuating landscapes. This, in turn, strengthens the adaptability of regional conservation programs in response to the ever-changing global context.