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Bandiagara Mosaic villages where data were collected
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Bandiagara Mosaic in villages were data were collected by subgroup
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Bandiagara Mosaic
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Distribution of P vs F phonemes West African languages
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Widespread lexemes for SHEEP as NAMBALA or PEEGI
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Lexemes for COW (ungulates) across African languages from Near Eastern source
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Cow's linguistic dispersal in Africa
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Fulfulde-spread [na(G)] lexeme only found where Fulani herders have had contact
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Lexemes for COW across West Africa
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West African lexemes for COW plus east Bantu
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Lexemes for HORSE across African languages
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Pre-colonial settlement sites in West Africa with a concentration on the Bandiagara Escarpment
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Central Eastern Mali significant historical events
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SHEEP
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SHEEP
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PIG
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ANIMAL
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Lexemes for HORSE across West Africa
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Lexemes for COW across Mande languages
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Lexemes for COW in West and East Africa
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Words for HORSE in West Africa and the Tse-tse Fly belt
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Lexemes for HORSE across African languages mainly consist of two roots: CO and PADAS
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Central Eastern Mali + Burkina Faso linguistic diversity colored by narrow family
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Central Eastern Mali + Burkina Faso linguistic diversity colored by broad family
Bandiagara Escarpment Languages (Expanded version)
Compiled using the LingTypology package for R (Moroz, G. [2023/1.1.16]. LingTypology: Linguistic Typology and Mapping Library. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8277345]). The GPS coordinates for the languages were sourced from the Dogon Languages website ([https://dogonlanguages.info/geography.cfm]).
Languages spoken in the Bandiagara Region
Compiled using the LingTypology package for R (Moroz, G. [2023/1.1.16]. LingTypology: Linguistic Typology and Mapping Library. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8277345]). The GPS coordinates for the languages were sourced from the Dogon Languages website ([https://dogonlanguages.info/geography.cfm]).
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Soninke, Fulfulde-Bangime shared lexemes for concept GROUNDNUT
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Bangime form for MAIZE not shared with other languages of West Africa
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Mende-Bangime shared lexemes for concept RICE
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Mande, Dogon, Fula - Bangime shared lexemes for concept OKRA
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Soninke/Bambara/Dogon - Bangime shared lexemes for concept SORGHUM
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Bozo - Bangime lexical transfer between concepts MEAL to FONIO
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Bozo - Bangime shared lexemes for concept MILLET
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Bandiagara Region linguistic diversity
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Five common lexemes with shared codes for MILLET among twelve language families across West Africa
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RICE
Locations of major West African empire capital cities
Locations of major West African empire capital cities coded by city; popup indicates language currently spoken and dates of Empire
West African early human development sites in and near the Bandiagara Escarpment
West African early human development sites coded by location and dates as pertains to Bandiagara crop borrowing study; popup indicates proposed populations according to literature and language currently spoken at plotted village or city.
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Lexemes for GROUNDNUT grouped into three broad phonetic codes
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GROUNDNUT
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Lexemes for YAM grouped into three broad phonetic codes
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Lexemes for RICE grouped into five broad phonetic codes
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Lexemes for OKRA grouped into four broad phonetic codes
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Lexemes for MAIZE grouped into two broad phonetic codes (derived from SORGHUM or MILLET)
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Lexemes for SORGHUM grouped into five broad phonetic codes
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Lexemes for FONIO grouped into four broad phonetic codes
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Lexemes for MILLET separated into four narrow phonetic codes
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Lexemes for MILLET grouped into five broad phonetic codes
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FONIO
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Widespread presence of NJU lexeme for MILLET across West Africa
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Bandiagara Escarpment and surrounding area linguistic diversity: coordinates from Dogon and Bangime Languages Project, Affiliations by Bang project, Map produced with LingTypology package for R
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Bandiagara Escarpment and surrounding area linguistic diversity: coordinates from Dogon and Bangime Languages Project, Affiliations by Glottolog, Map produced with LingTypology package for R
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Trade networks and timelines of loan words for domesticated crops into Bangime
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SORGHUM coded narrowly by source of loan; blue line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
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GROUNDNUT coded narrowly by source of loan; green line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
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YAM and SWEET POTATO coded broadly by source of loan; orange line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
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RICE coded narrowly by source of loan; orange line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
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OKRA coded broadly by source of loan; blue line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
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FONIO coded broadly by source of loan; blue line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
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MILLET coded broadly by source of loan; blue line indicates possible contact trajectory. Pop-up shows currently spoken language and family.
Pearl millet domestication and dispersal from Fuller et al. (2021)
Dates are indicated in median age BC/AD format. Pop-ups indicate languages spoken today in BR and language families for other areas of West Africa.
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Central Eastern Malian villages with density plots coded by family and points coded by language
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West African early human development sites coded by place name and estimated date as pertains to Bangime crop borrowing study; popup indicates currently spoken language
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Map of lexemes for FONIO colored by broad phonetic code
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Map of lexemes for SORGHUM colored by broad phonetic code
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Crop terminology dispersal timeline map
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West African linguistic diversity
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African languages: studied or spoken
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Condensed map of loan words for COW with sources
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Condensed map of loan words for COW
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Condensed map of loan words for HORSE with sources
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Condensed map of loan words for HORSE with tsetse fly belt
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Condensed map of loan words for HORSE
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Linguistic diversity in the Bandiagara Escarpment region of West Africa / Diversité linguistique dans la région de l'escarpement de Bandiagara en Afrique de l'Ouest
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Fulfulde - rather than Mande - influence on Dogon languages reflected through words for 'cow'
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Distribution of words for 'cow' among West African languages
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Horse distribution by loan source
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Dogon and Mande languages split by the tsetse fly belt
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Songhay and Mande influence on Dogon languages' word for 'horse'
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Central Eastern Malian linguistic diversity
Sources:
https://dogonlanguages.org/geography.cfm
https://glottolog.org/
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West African Empire capitals
Sources:
(Diallo, 1993; Dieterlen et al., 1992)
(Simonis 2010)
(Roberts 1987: 69)
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Date and location sources:
Hublin et al. 2017
Huysecom et al. 2015
Manning et al. 2015
Haskell, McIntosh & McIntosh 1988
Lipson et al 2020
McIntosh & McIntosh 1981
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Central Eastern Malian language subgroups