Early years (1950s–1970s) likely under-report events; later years are more complete. Results reflect totals across 1950–2011. - Event type coding (`EVTYPE`) contains many variants. We applied minimal normalization (uppercase + trim) to stay close to raw data. A stricter recoding to official NOAA categories could reduce fragmentation but introduces subjectivity. - Damages are nominal (not inflation-adjusted). For policy, inflation-adjusted values and a recent-period focus may be preferable. ## Reproducibility