Error bar Plot, Error bars are visual representations of the variability of data and used on graphs to suggest the error in a reported measurement. They give a general idea of how precise a measurement is, or conversely, how far from the reported value the true value might be.

Lack of symmetry of tails of a frequency distribution curve is known as skewness. The symmetry of tails means that the frequency of the points at equal distances on both sides of the center of the curve on the X-axis is the same.

Statistics is the science which deals with collecting, classifying, presenting, comparing, and interpreting data collected from any sphere of inquiry.

How to find dataset differences in R, when the pieces of information are changing between datasets it’s a difficult task to identify the same. Here we are going to discuss the daff package in R, daff package helps us to identify the differences and visualize them in a beautiful way.

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test is based on the direction of differences and magnitudes. This test is more sensitive and powerful than an ordinary sign test.

pipe operator in R comes from the “magrittr” package. What does the pipe operator do? The purpose is to lower improvement time and to enhance clarity and maintainability of code. Packages in “tidyverse” load %>% pipe operator automatically, so usually no need to load “magrittr” explicitly. The major task of this operator will forward a value, or the result of an expression, into the next function call/expression.

apply family in r, In this article, we are going to discuss the R Apply family. The apply family is an inbuilt R package, so no need to install any packages for the execution. The main advantage of apply function is we can get rid of loop operations. apply family in r contains apply(), lapply(), sapply(), mapply() and tapply().