Incidence Ratio (`AgeAdjstRatio`) for a 10-county Central Texas study area. The 10-county study area encompasses the Austin-San Marcos metropolitan corridor and surrounding counties: **Travis, Hays, Williamson, Bastrop, Caldwell, Comal, Guadalupe, Bexar, Blanco, and Burnet**. This cluster represents a contiguous geographic unit appropriate for spatial dependence analysis. Results indicate the presence (or absence) of spatial clustering in late-stage colon cancer incidence across this region, with implications for health geography research and policy targeting.

Exploring Spatial Heterogeneity in Nigeria Socio-econometric Data: An Application of Spatial Statistics Models