MDIGI (Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index) is a multivariate selection index used in plant breeding to evaluate and rank genotypes based on their overall performance across multiple traits. It is a genotype selection tool that integrates mean performance and stability of genotypes while considering the ideal genotype (ideotype) as a reference. The ideotype represents the theoretical best values for all traits. MDIGI calculates the Euclidean distance of each genotype from this ideotype; the lower the MDIGI value, the better the genotype, as it is closer to the ideal. This method helps breeders simultaneously select for high-yielding, stable, and desirable genotypes across multiple traits and environments. It is particularly useful in multi-environment trials (METs) and is preferred over univariate indices for comprehensive genotype ranking.

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