Researching whether there is a difference between the current distribution of ice cream purchases and the expected distribution (20% chocolate, 20% strawberry, 20% mango, 40% vanilla)?

Researching whether there is an association between student nationality (domestic versus international)and whether or not they have a scholarship (yes versus no)?

A Chi-Square Test of Independence was conducted to determine whether there was an association between students' nationality and whether they had a scholarship.

A Chi-Square Goodness of Fit test was conducted to determine if there was a difference between the observed ice cream flavor frequencies and the expected frequencies.

Spearman's correlation test to examine the relationship between hours of sleep and hours of phone use.

Research on whether there is a relationship between Age and Years of education using Pearson's test.