#Abstract The term stress coined in 1936 has many de f nitions, but until now has lacked a theoretical foundation. Here we present an information-theoretic approach based on the free energy principle de f ning the essence of stress namely, uncertainty. We address three questions: What is uncertainty? What does it do to us? What are our resources to master it? Mathematically speaking, uncertainty is entropy or expected surprise . The free energy principle rests upon the fact that self-organizing biological agents resist a tendency to disorder and must therefore minimize the entropy of their sensory states. Applied to our everyday life, this means that we feel uncertain, when we anticipate that outcomes will turn out to be something other than expected and that we are unable to avoid surprise. As all cognitive systems strive to reduce their uncertainty about future outcomes, they face a critical constraint: Reducing uncertainty requires cerebral energy. The characteristic of the vertebrate brain to prioritize its own high energy is captured by the notion of the sel f sh brain . Accordingly, in times of uncertainty, the sel f sh brain demands extra energy from the body. If, despite all this, the brain cannot reduce uncertainty, a persistent cerebral energy crisis may develop, burdening the individual by allostatic load that contributes to systemic and brain malfunction (impaired memory, atherogenesis, diabetes and subsequent cardio- and cerebrovascular events). Based on the basic tenet that stress originates from uncertainty, we discuss the strategies our brain uses to avoid surprise and thereby resolve uncertainty. 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). p.1 (Peters et al., 2017)

Predictive Analytics and modeling project on gamma brainwave EEG coherence with breathing rhythm and it's relationship to attention.

A brief analysis examining the claims made in Dillbeck, M. C., & Cavanaugh, K. L. (2016). Societal Violence and Collective Consciousness: Reduction of U.S. Homicide and Urban Violent Crime Rates. SAGE Open, 6(2), 215824401663789. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016637891

A chronicle of the research for the Northeastern Master of Health Data Analytics Capstone

Week 10 covers regression with employment data.

Training a neural net using caretEnsemble and the neuralnet package.

Final Project for Intermediate Statistics

Repeated Measures ANOVA with math scores across gender between grade levels.

Two-Way Anova and interaction plot interpretation

Decision Tree

This is the homework for Week 5, comparison of means across categorical and ordinal factors.

Another t-test related assignment.

These are additional supplemental materials including highlights and tables from the Week 5 reading

Using a breast cancer survival data set, t-tests, Mann-whitney and z-tests are used to compare pathological tumor sizes across various categories in the data. Demonstrates use of one-sample, two-sample, paired, non-parametric and parametric tests for comparison of means.

Cleaning the Guatemalan Students dataset

Study Overview: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1FLSdL59FaTqON2YmmPSuRCx0nQo6-WINbTldjNLrRvw/edit?usp=sharing

Descriptive a basic statistics overview with the Breast cancer survival dataset

A week of self-tracking on specific variables, summarized

A demo of functionality the VMC dashboard might include

A 'Quantified Self' exploration of health behaviors.

Project 1 for Information Design and Visual Analytics entitled "The Digital Shadow Illuminated." Data is aggregated from all self-tracking collections including Rescuetime, Insight Timer, and the Facebook activity log to create a snapshot of the quantified self for 2017.

This project takes a look at spatial and temporal data through an exploration of the city of Waltham. Visualizations include: - Access to polling places based on income - Methods for making canvassing more efficient using: - k-means and hierarchical clustering to create clusters of locations that are close together - knn and the Google API to find the shortest walking path through a cluster

A Modeling and Visualization Exploration

This is an overview of the experience gained writing code in R since starting to learn R in August 2017. It includes total lines written, total lines written for the Northeastern Data Analytics cert., all pkgs used, and a list of all the functions used and the # of times used.

This is the Statistical Analysis for Evan Parker's "Food Choices, Sustainability, and Human Health" Project

Welcome to the Congruent Connections faculty data scraper and DA 5020 Final Project for Stephen Holsenbeck. This page provides the in-depth documentation and write-up for how each modular function in the scraper works. In the navigation menu above, the Shiny Apps dropdown menu will take you to the Shiny App deployments on shinyapps.io. The Shiny Apps will allow you to browse professors in the data set by wordclouds, or to search the dataset by your interests, and return professor’s information whom match your interests. This data is searchable and downloadable. Note: The code and apps were tested on Windows 10 home running Chrome browser maximized to the screen, and the page coding is optimized for viewing in a maximized browser window on a desktop (though it uses bootstrap fluid formatting, so it can be viewed on smaller screens, though not optimally.)

Ridge, Elastic Net, and Lasso regression v Linear Regression Simple Vector Machines (SVM) v Logistic Regression Dataset on student performance

This homework covers Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, KMeans Cluster Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.

Multiple Linear Regression: Interaction Terms, Quadratic terms Binomial (logit) regression and prediction

Multiple Linear Regression, Quadratic and Interaction terms, Spurious and Chained, F-Test for Nested Models

Review of Function Writing, Probability, Graphing, Hypothesis Testing, Chi-Squared, F-Test

This is Homework 7 on Covariation, Correlation, Bivariate Regression and a t-test of the correlation.

Chi Squared and ANOVA Tests in R

Procedural notes for how to perform ANOVA & Chi Squared test.

Intro to computational Statistics, Homework 5, Question 4 uses some interesting data from the GSS https://gssdataexplorer.norc.org

Intro to Computational Statistics Homework 4

Intro to Computational Statistics - Homework 3

Homework 2 for PPUA 5301

This is homework 1 for PPUA 5301.